The name "corundum" is derived from the Tamil word "kuruntam" meaning "ruby". Corundum is called Ruby if red and Padparadscha if pink-orange. All other colours are called Sapphire. High-quality ruby and sapphire have always been among the most expensive gems and are used in the most prestigious adornments.
Quartz is the most common mineral found on the surface of the Earth. A significant component of many rocks, this natural form of silicon dioxide is found in an impressive range of varieties and colours.
Beryl is known for its high hardness and colors. Dark green beryl, Emerald, greenish blue to pure blue, Aquamarine, colorless, Goshnite, light yellow green to yellow-gold, Heliodor and pink beryl, Morganite.
Chalcedony is a type of quartz with fibrous hidden crystals. Studies have shown that most chalcedony is a mixture of quartz with hidden crystals and magnetite, another silica mineral related to quartz but with a different crystal structure.
Tourmaline is boro-silicates mineral of the cyclosilicate superclass. Tourmaline group has a vast color range and uses as a gem.
Turquoise is one of the oldest gemstones, used since 5500 BC. Turquoise is a sky blue, blue-green stone. Iranian turquoise is the best turquoise in the world in terms of quality and color.
Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.
Ruby is a precious gemstone, which is mostly seen in pink to dark and deep red. The name ruby is derived from the Latin word Rubeus. In ancient Indian Sanskrit, ruby is called Ratnaraj, which means "king of precious stones".
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